基于CBR的危险品航空运输事故应急决策研究

针对危险品航空运输事故现场信息传递不及时、不全面造成应急决策不当的问题，建立危险品航空运输事故应急决策案例推理模型。以事故现场表面信息构建案例属性；应用G1法对案例属性主观赋权进行案例优选检索，使用熵权法客观赋权结合灰色关联分析进行案例相似度检索。通过实例分析，模型计算得到的最相似案例与目标案例相似度为0.671 28 且二者应急决策方案相似，表明该模型可以为危险品航空运输事故提供应急决策指导。     

Thermal performance regulation of high-entropy rare-earth disilicate for thermal environmental barrier coating materials

We prepared the novel high-entropy (xRE_1/x)₂Si₂O₇ (RE = Y, Yb, Er, Sc, Gd and Eu, x = 2–6) ceramics by a two-step method for the application of thermal environmental barrier coatings (TEBCs), and the effect of configuration entropy and lattice distortion on microstructures and thermal properties at high temperature were investigated. The results showed that the configuration entropy resulted from mass disorder can only contribute to the stability of thermal properties and microstructure. Lattice distortion should be responsible for reduction in thermal properties, which may be due to the enhancement of atomic nonharmonic vibration, resulting in intensified phonon scattering and hindering atomic amplitude oscillation. As-prepared high-entropy (Y_1/6Yb_1/6Er_1/6Sc_1/6Gd_1/6Eu_1/6)₂Si₂O₇ ceramic exhibited the relatively low thermal diffusivity, thermal conductivity and coefficient of thermal expansion, which were 0.89–0.50 mm² s^–1, 1.99–2.50 W m^–1 K^–1 and (3.01–3.78) × 10^–6 K^–1 in the temperature range of 293–1373 K, respectively. This work provides a solid guarantee for the application of TEBC materials.     

扭带结构影响管内传热与熵产的研究进展

随着工业技术不断发展,传统换热管的传热方式已经无法满足高热流密度下的热量输运要求。扭带插入物是一种能够有效提高换热管传热效率的强化传热元件,以其结构简单、加工容易的特点受到了很多学者的关注和研究。管内流体的传热性能及熵产往往作为评价换热管性能的重要参数,因此扭带结构与流动工质对这些参数的影响成为近年来研究的重点。本文主要综述了近十年来不同结构扭带对管内传热与熵产影响的研究进展。首先,将文献中研究的扭带按照几何结构进行分类,阐述和分析了不同类型扭带对换热管的传热、熵产以及综合性能的影响,试图找出几何结构与换热管传热性能以及熵产之间的联系。其次,介绍了扭带与纳米流体复合传热技术的研究进展。最后,归纳了研究人员为达到传热性能最大化以及熵产最小化而建立的传热和熵产模型,并对模型的优缺点进行了评价。     

(Ti0.25Zr0.25Nb0.25Ta0.25)C高熵陶瓷的制备、力学性能及氧化行为研究

本文通过对碳化物粉末进行放电等离子烧结(SPS),成功制备了(Ti_0.25Zr_0.25Nb_0.25Ta_0.25)C高熵陶瓷(HECs),系统研究了HECs的微观结构演变、力学性能和氧化行为。结果表明,单相HECs的形成温度为1 800 ℃,低于已报道的HECs烧结温度。1 900 ℃烧结的陶瓷晶粒细小,平均晶粒尺寸约7.5 μm,元素分布均匀,相对密度高达99.2%。1 800 ℃和1 900 ℃烧结的HECs的室温显微硬度值分别为30.9 GPa和33.2 GPa,断裂韧性值分别为(4.6±0.24) MPa·m^1/2和(4.5±0.31) MPa·m^1/2,高于大多数已报道的HECs。原位高温纳米压痕试验结果表明,HECs的硬度随温度的升高而降低,当温度达到500 ℃时,1 800 ℃和1 900 ℃烧结的陶瓷硬度分别下降到21.9 GPa和22.2 GPa,具有突出的高温稳定性。此外,HECs在温度低于500 ℃时无明显氧化,当温度超过650 ℃时会发生明显氧化,氧化速率随温度升高而增加。     

基于NSGA-Ⅱ与熵权TOPSIS法的混杂纤维再生混凝土配合比多目标优化

制备以钢纤维(SF)、塑钢纤维(MPPF)为骨料的高性能道面混杂纤维再生混凝土(HFRAC),研究改善再生混凝土(RAC)强度及耐磨性能,采用响应面法(RSM)中Box-Behnken试验设计方法,以SF体积掺量、MPPF体积掺量和砂率为因素,以HFRAC抗折强度、抗压强度和磨损量为评价指标,建立各评价指标的预测模型,分析各因素对评价指标的影响,并构建基于NSGA-Ⅱ耦合熵权TOPSIS法的HFRAC配合比优选模型,确定综合性能最优时的配合比方案。结果表明:在试验范围内各评价指标的响应面模型拟合效果良好,预测精度高;各评价指标不仅受单因素影响,而且受因素间交互作用影响,SF体积掺量与MPPF体积掺量交互作用对抗折强度、抗压强度影响极显著,对磨损量影响显著,MPPF体积掺量与砂率交互作用对抗折强度影响显著;当SF体积掺量为1.39%、MPPF体积掺量为0.97%、砂率为36.10%时,HFRAC综合性能最优。该方法能够实现HFRAC性能的综合改善,可为HFRAC在道路工程中的推广应用提供一定理论依据和技术支撑。     

双组分层撞击流反应器浓度场混沌分析

采用平面激光诱导荧光技术测量双组分层式撞击流反应器撞击区浓度分布,利用混沌理论分析不同喷嘴间距、喷嘴直径和射流雷诺数下撞击流反应器浓度场混沌特征参数(关联维、Kolmogorov熵和最大Lyapunov指数)的变化规律。结果表明,撞击流反应器内浓度场混沌特征参数随喷嘴间距的增大呈上下波动的变化趋势,Kolmogorov熵在L=2d时达到最大。浓度场混沌特征参数随喷嘴直径增大呈上下波动的变化趋势,Kolmogorov熵在d=8 mm时整体上最大;射流雷诺数为Re=22 000时整体上混沌特征参数最佳。受二次撞击区的影响,撞击面上靠近二次撞击区各点的混沌特征参数有明显提高。     

Analysis of indoor PM2.5 exposure in Asian countries using time use survey

Most household fuels used in Asian countries are solid fuels such as coal and biomass (firewood, crop residue and animal dung). The particulate matter (PM), CO, NOx and SOx produced through the combustion of these fuels inside the residence for cooking and heating has an adverse impact on people's health. PM 2.5 in particular, consisting of particles with an aerodynamic diameter of 2.5 μm or less, penetrates deep into the lungs and causes respiratory system and circulatory system diseases and so on. As a result, the World Health Organization (WHO) established guideline values for this type of particulate matter in 2005. In this study, the authors focused on PM 2.5 and estimated indoor exposure concentrations for PM 2.5 in 15 Asian countries. For each environment used for cooking, eating, heating and illumination in which people are present temporarily (microenvironment), exposure concentrations were estimated for individual cohorts categorized according to sex, age and occupation status. To establish the residence time in each microenvironment for each of the cohorts, data from time use surveys conducted in individual countries were used. China had the highest estimate for average exposure concentration in microenvironment used for cooking at 427.5 μg/m³ , followed by Nepal, Laos and India at 285.2 μg/m³, 266.3 μg/m³ and 205.7 μg/m³ , respectively. The study found that, in each country, the PM2.5 exposure concentration was highest for children and unemployed women between the ages of 35 and 64. The study also found that the exposure concentration for individual cohorts in each country was greatly affected by people's use of time indoors. Because differences in individual daily life activities were reflected in the use of time and linked to an assessment of exposure to indoor air-polluting substances, the study enabled detailed assessment of the impact of exposure.     

基于非线性动力系统理论的土木工程安全性判断

本文将土木工程监测对象视为一个受多种因素共同影响的动力系统,根据非线性科学相关理论,利用实际的监测数据通过相空间重构的方法来重建该系统,并根据Renyi熵来了解其运动演化规律,从而对监测对象的安全性做出判断,是土木工程变形监测数据分析的一种新方法。文中以某水电站引水发电系统隧道变形监测的实测数据为例,给出了计算分析结果。     

基于多特征量的D矩阵模型的建立与分析

针对基于单特征量的D矩阵模型会损失测试信号的大量信息的问题,提出了一种基于多特征量的可测性分析模型。首先,在研究D矩阵模型的基础上,对测试信号进行特征提取和多值编码,建立了基于多特征量的D矩阵模型。其次,基于信息熵制定诊断策略和生成故障诊断树,并对模型进行测试性分析,评估其诊断能力。结果表明,与单特征量的D矩阵模型相比,基于多特征量的D矩阵模型选用的测试点数和模糊组数小,故障隔离率高,诊断测试步骤数少,平均测试费用低。     

短时间尺度用电行为相关性分析网络模型

用电行为短时间尺度相关关系是用户精细化管理与智能配用电的重要决策基础。建立了针对短时间尺度用电行为相关性的网络化分析方法。首先,由描述短时间尺度用电功率序列间相关性的皮尔逊相关系数构造用电行为相关矩阵,为减小随机用电行为与测量误差等无序噪声信息对相关矩阵的影响,引入随机矩阵理论对相关矩阵进行去噪,并提出利用特征值谱熵的正则化修正方法。然后,基于相关矩阵构建了相关矩阵分阶与同级网络序列,提出了基于社团结构的相关性聚类方法与基于最小树的相关性等级结构挖掘方法;定义了量度用电相关性的拓扑指标,从而构造了用电行为相关性聚类分析与等级分析的网络模型,并就模型的典型应用场景进行了讨论。最后,通过实例数据验证了上述去噪方法、相关性分析网络模型及指标的有效性。